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external geological agents

external geological agents are responsible for the modification of land relief from the effects of external geological processes.

water, which acts in several ways:

Rain, eroding the soil and pulling out little pieces that are drawn. Rivers
, wearing the mountains are born and formed gullies and canyons. Ice
, as the temperature drops the rain-soaked rocks are frozen and the water from its cracks, the increase in volume (ice), press on them until the fracture. Mares
, waves erode the softer rocks of the projections coastal and ocean currents that are dragging sand beaches.
Rainwater that seeps into the interior can dissolve some of the limestone to form large cavities, called caves and underground rivers.
The wind , drag small pieces of land as the rocks hit the wear (erosion)
The vegetation , break rocks with their roots or down the mountain soil preventing it from being swept away by the rains. The man
, whose activity changes and changes the landscape.

Weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of rock at the surface or close to it as a result of exposure to the elements, with the participation of biological agents.

WEATHER: Influence of different variations from one region to another land. With changes in land cover, precipitation, freeze-thaw action
lithologic factors: Influence rocks and presence of fractures and joints in rocks

TYPES OF WEATHERING

mechanical weathering: the physical disintegration of rock fragments due to temperature changes, moisture and biological activity.
After mechanical weathering acting agents, surfaces created by the different fragments are disposed to action ...

Chemical weathering is the chemical transformation of the rock causing the loss of coherence and rock alteration. The most important processes are the atmospheric water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Processes that act

in mechanical weathering

Lajamiento : Formation of joints close to each other
Termoclastia consisting of rock fragmentation due to sudden temperature changes. The expansion and contraction caused by changes in temperature cause stress in the rocks that break eventually.
To produce this break abrupt changes are needed in very short periods of time as those that occur in arid deserts, but also rocks allow color and texture and decrease absorption of heat radiation.
also must have a mineral composition that allows differences expansion and contraction, so that tensions are effective.
Gelifracción or crioclastia
consists of rock fragmentation due to the stresses produced by freezing and thawing of water in the holes making the rock. The increased volume that produces frozen water acts as a wedge, which eventually break up the rock ...
This means that for gelifracción work is necessary to have frequent freeze-thaw cycles that occur in the mid-latitude periglacial type processes. At high latitudes with glacial-type processes such alternations do not occur, as the freezing period lasts for months. Http://feedjit.com/join/

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General Dynamics Atmospheric

The atmospheric circulation is determined by:

constant temperature difference that exists between Ecuador and the poles

Earth's rotation.

The presence of masses.

This raises three belts

equatorial low pressure belt ITCZ \u200b\u200b

subtropical belt high pressure

subpolar low pressure belt

equatorial low pressure belt (ITCZ)

is a belt of low pressure girdling the globe in the equatorial region. Is formed by the convergence of warm, moist air from latitudes above and below the Ecuador ...

subtropical high pressure belts

Ecuador hot air, rises and moves north and south, forming the

antitrades WINDS.

.- This produces lots of clouds and precipitation in Ecuador year-round.

.- This rising air cools and descends, moving through the area from the tropics to Ecuador, from East to West. Are the trade winds.

subpolar low pressure belt

Westerly winds from the warm subtropical belt are in contact with colder from areas cause polar precipitation.

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

pressure is the atmospheric air at any point in the atmosphere.

The atmospheric pressure at a given location experiences variations associated with weather changes ...

Moreover, at a given location, atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, because the total weight of the atmosphere above a point decreases as we rise. The Atmospheric pressure decreases at a rate of 1 mmHg or Torr for every 10 m elevation in the levels close to the sea.

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GEOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO EXTERNAL POWER OF THE EARTH II

solar energy on Earth
Of all the energy that reaches 50% is absorbed
Since: Clouds reflect
absorb 20% and 3%
6% air disperses and absorbs 16%
The surface reflects 4%
The energy coming not absorbed evenly because:

Earth is spherical rays are more likely the further away are Ecuador.
The rotation axis is tilted respect to the ecliptic ...
In the polar regions the albedo is very strong.
The sea is heated and cooled faster than the continent, producing winds, seasons and wind patterns.


The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope of Earth that helps regulate the temperature of the planet.
Composed of 78% N2 21% O2 and other gases.
The layers of the atmosphere act as a filter and transferred only with the central regions of the spectrum.

Layers of Earth's atmosphere and temperature
The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude. The relationship between altitude and temperature is different depending on the atmospheric layer considered:

Troposphere: 0 - 9 / 18 km, temperature decreases with altitude.
Stratosphere: 9 / 18 - 50 km, the temperature remains constant and then increase with altitude.
Mesosphere: 50 - 80/90 km, temperature decreases with altitude.
Thermosphere and Ionosphere: 80/90 - 600/800 km, temperature increases with altitude.
Exosphere: 600/800 - 2.000/10.000 km
The divisions between one layer and another are called the tropopause
,
stratopause,

thermopause mesopause.

troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere that is in contact with the surface of the Earth. Is about 17 km thick in Ecuador and it all weather phenomena occur that affect living things, such as wind, rain and hurricanes ... Concentra
most of the oxygen and water vapor. In particular the latter acts as a thermal regulator of the planet, without it, the temperature differences between day and night would be so great that we could not survive. It is vital for living beings.
The vertical temperature gradient GVT is defined as the gradient in which the air temperature change with height. The true gradient vertical air temperature is approximately 6 to 7 ° C per km (in the troposphere) but varies greatly depending on location and time of day ...
occurs in the troposphere and the greenhouse effect most of the weather change
called the greenhouse effect is the phenomenon whereby certain gases, which are components of the atmosphere, trapping energy emitted terrestrial soil and part of the same re-emit the Earth's surface. This phenomenon prevents much of the energy emitted by the Earth is broadcast directly into space, causing a continuous cooling of the earth's surface and prevent life.
The stratosphere
is the atmospheric layer that sits between the troposphere and mesosphere, extending from about 11 to about 50 km from the surface. The temperature increases gradually from -55 ° C until reaching the tropopause 0 ° C stratopause ...
vertical air movements are very weak, predominantly horizontal, so that air currents are superimposed in layers and layers of them is the ozone layer

The mesosphere layer with very low air density, but enough for the meteorites that come to Earth to swell to form shooting stars. Ionosphere and thermosphere

extends to 600km, the temperature rises to 1000 º C due to absorption of shortwave radiation (X rays and gamma) leading to Earth's magnetic field from the ionosphere negatively charged and the surface positively charged
Northern Lights
The aurora is a glow that appears in the sky night, usually in the polar regions, where a solar mass ejection collides with the north and south poles of Earth's magnetosphere, producing a diffuse but predominantly light projected onto the terrestrial ionosphere ...

occur when charged particles (protons and electrons), are guided by the Earth's magnetic field and affect the atmosphere near the poles. When these particles collide with atoms and molecules of oxygen and nitrogen, which are the most abundant components of air, part of the energy of the collision excites these atoms to energy levels such that when you energize return that energy as visible light .

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GEOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO EXTERNAL POWER OF THE EARTH

• CYCLE CONCEPTS OF PROCESS AND GEOLOGICAL
• 
  
• EXTERNAL POWER FROM THE PLANET.
• 
  
• external geological agents
• 
  
• SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Concept and geological cycle process:

The geological cycle: the set of phenomena that affect the surface crust and mantle are considered to be chained process steps in time.

3 processes are considered:

Gliptogénesis : Destruction of relief, caused by the action of external agents

lithogenesis: Production of new types of rock materials: from the debris originated in gliptogénesis and materials incorporated in the mantle.

Orogeny: Formation of relief: uniqueness of mountain ranges, with all the accompanying phenomena;

All the above processes occur so simultaneous and permanent , worldwide. You have not completed a process to start another.

For their study will be divided into:

external geological processes

internal geologic processes

external geological processes

external geological modeling agents tending relief and destroy.

The single action external geological agents tend to level the earth, turning it into a vast plain, and over millions of years to come would have succeeded in acting.

external geological agents are

Erosion: The process of erosion of the soil intact rock (rock), per share exogenous geological processes such as surface water flows or glacial ice, wind or the action of living organisms.

transport: the drag of materials by surface currents of water and glacial ice, or wind action

Sedimentation: is the process by which solid material transported by ice, running water or wind, is deposited on the river bottom or in areas of lower energy.

internal geological processes:

have their main origin in the planet's internal heat, considering building, to be responsible for the formation of the relief.

can be of two types:

Slow movements:

The manifestation of domestic agents is in the form of slow movements or (orogenic).

Jerky:

Earthquakes and volcanoes, which also give rise to the formation of new minerals and rocks latter.

EYE!

External A Geologic Process (eg Transport) is the result of several geological agents external (eg water, air ..)

energy from an external source on the planet

SOL should fundamentally

occur where nuclear fusion reactions and comes in the form of electromagnetic waves :

can be:

Harmful for living

Visible

high frequency waves (heat)

gamma rays X, UV

(harmful to humans)

The gamma (γ) is a type of electromagnetic radiation, and therefore formed by photons produced by radioactive elements.

Because they possess high energy, gamma rays are a type of radiation can penetrate matter more deeply.

Given their high energy can cause serious damage to the cell nucleus, so they are used to sterilize medical equipment and foodstuffs.

designated X-rays of electromagnetic radiation, invisible, able to pass through opaque bodies and impress photographic film.

Rays UV:

invisible electromagnetic waves are high energy. released by the sun and some special lamps.

In small doses are needed to determine vitamin D, but in larger doses can damage the skin and eyes. The ozone layer of the atmosphere protects us from this radiation.

visible waves

They are perceived by our eyes and are used for photosynthesis

Infrared rays are the emission energy in the form of electromagnetic waves in the region of the spectrum located immediately after the red of the visible radiation.

Infrared radiation can be detected as heat.

Because of the distance from Earth to the Sun 150 million km only receive one-billionth of the energy released by this, but enough to ...

1. 
   
   
   
   Raising the atmospheric circulation.
2. 
   
   
   
   Raising the water cycle (simple sketch)
3. 
   
   
   
   Build waves and water currents.
4. 
   
   
   
   allow the existence of life

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GEOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO EXTERNAL POWER

• CYCLE CONCEPTS OF PROCESS AND GEOLOGICAL
• 
  
• EXTERNAL POWER FROM THE PLANET.
• 
  
• external geological agents
• 
  
• SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Concept and geological cycle process:

The geological cycle: the set of phenomena that affect the surface crust and mantle are considered to be chained process steps in time.

3 processes are considered:

Gliptogénesis : Destruction of relief, caused by the action of external agents

lithogenesis: Production of new types of rock materials: from the debris originated in gliptogénesis and materials incorporated in the mantle.

Orogeny: Formation of relief: uniqueness of mountain ranges, with all the accompanying phenomena;

All the above processes occur so simultaneous and permanent , worldwide. You have not completed a process to start another.

For their study will be divided into:

external geological processes

internal geological processes

external geological processes

agents external geological model and destroy tending relief.

The single action external geological agents tend to level the earth, turning it into a vast plain, over the million de años que vienen actuando lo habrían conseguido.

Los agentes geológicos externos son:

La erosión : Es el proceso de desgaste de la roca del suelo intacto (roca madre), por acción de procesos geológicos exógenos como las corrientes superficiales de agua o hielo glaciar, el viento o la acción de los seres vivos.

El transporte : es el arrastre de materiales por las corrientes superficiales de agua y hielo glaciar, o por la acción del wind

Sedimentation: is the process by which solid material transported by ice, running water or wind, is deposited on the river bottom or in areas of lower energy .

internal geological processes:

have their main origin in the planet's internal heat, considering building, to be responsible for the formation of the relief.

can be of two types:

Slow movements:

The manifestation of domestic agents is performed in slow motion u (orogenic).

Jerky:

Earthquakes and volcanoes, which also give rise to the formation of new minerals and rocks latter.

EYE!

External A Geologic Process (eg Transport) is the result of several geological agents external (eg water, air ..)

energy from an external source on the planet

SOL should fundamentally

occur where nuclear fusion reactions and comes in the form of electromagnetic waves :

can be:

Harmful to living things

Visible

high frequency waves (heat)

gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet rays

(harmful to humans)

The gamma (γ) is a type of electromagnetic radiation, and therefore made up of photons, produced by radioactive elements.

Because they possess high energy, gamma rays are a type of radiation can penetrate matter more deeply.

Given their high energy can cause serious damage to the cell nucleus, so they are used to sterilize medical equipment and foodstuffs.

designated X-rays of electromagnetic radiation, invisible, able to pass through opaque bodies and impress photographic film.

UV Rays:

invisible electromagnetic waves are high energy. released by the sun and some special lamps.

In small doses are needed to determine vitamin D, but in larger doses can damage the skin and eyes. The ozone layer of the atmosphere protects us from this radiation.

visible waves

They are perceived by our eyes and are used to realizar la fotosíntesis

Los rayos infrarrojos son la Emisión de energía en forma de ondas electromagnéticas en la zona del espectro situada inmediatamente después de la zona roja de la radiación visible.

La radiación infrarroja puede detectarse como calor.

Debido a la distancia de la Tierra al Sol 150 millones de Km solo recibimos una billonésima parte de la energía liberada por este, pero es suficiente para...

1. 
   
   Cause the atmospheric circulation.
2. 
   
   Raising the water cycle (simple sketch)
3. 
   
   Build waves and water currents.
4. 
   
   allow the existence of life

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